A person also might have bloodshot eyes and an unusual redness under the eyelids or inside the mouth and in the vagina in females. The area around an infected wound can become swollen, red, and tender. Toxic shock syndrome is caused by two types of bacteria :. Most cases are related to staph bacteria. When strep causes toxic shock syndrome, it's usually because the bacteria got into areas of injured skin, such as cuts and scrapes , surgical wounds, and even chickenpox blisters.
Originally, toxic shock syndrome was linked to the use of super-absorbent tampons. Research led to better tampons and better habits for using them, such as changing them often. The number of TSS cases dropped dramatically. Today about half of all TSS cases are related to menstruation. Two birth control methods, the contraceptive sponge and the diaphragm , have been linked to TSS.
If doctors think someone has toxic shock syndrome, they'll start intravenous IV fluids and antibiotics as soon as possible, even before they're sure the person has TSS. To confirm a diagnosis, doctors take a sample from the likely site of the infection, such as the skin, nose, or vagina, to check for the bacteria. They also may take and test a blood sample. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Toxic shock syndrome is a rare, life-threatening complication of certain types of bacterial infections.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Kellerman RD, et al. Toxic shock syndrome. In: Conn's Current Therapy Elsevier; Accessed Feb. Merck Manual Professional Version. Nonfoux L, et al. Impact of currently marketed tampons and menstrual cups on Staphylococcus aureus growth and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 production in vitro. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Toxic shock syndrome TSS is a cluster of symptoms that involves many systems of the body.
Certain bacterial infections release toxins into the bloodstream, which then spreads the toxins to body organs. This can cause severe damage and illness. TSS from Staphylococcus infections was identified in the late s and early s when highly absorbent tampons were widely used by menstruating women. Due to changes in how tampons are made, the incidence of tampon-induced TSS has declined. TSS from streptococcus infections is most commonly seen in children and the elderly. Other people at risk include those with diabetes, weak immune system, chronic lung disease, or heart disease.
Symptoms of TSS involve many systems and may look like other infections. While each person may experience symptoms differently, the following are the most common symptoms of staphylococcal TSS:. Ruling out similar illnesses such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, among others is critical in diagnosing TSS. Other diagnostic tests may include:. TSS may start like other infections, but it can quickly progress to a seriously life-threatening disease.
If a mild illness quickly becomes severe with whole-body symptoms, seek immediate medical attention. Health Home Conditions and Diseases. What causes toxic shock syndrome? The following bacteria commonly cause TSS: Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes Clostridium sordellii TSS from Staphylococcus infections was identified in the late s and early s when highly absorbent tampons were widely used by menstruating women. Staphylococcus infections. Staphylococcus aureus or S.
Because it's part of the body's normal bacteria, most people develop antibodies to prevent infection.
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