How is sound used to explore for oil and gas? How is sound used to measure, detect, and track oil? How is sound used to study undersea earthquakes? How is sound used to study underwater volcanoes? How is sound used to map the seafloor? How is sound used to research wind energy? Investigate Marine Animals How is sound used to study marine mammal distribution? How is sound used to estimate marine mammal abundance?
How is acoustics used to monitor Arctic marine mammals? How is sound used to protect marine mammals? How is sound used to study the distribution of marine fishes? How is sound used to measure plankton? How is active acoustics used in fisheries research and management? How is sound used to study coral reefs? How is sound used to identify ecological hotspots? Study Weather How is sound used to measure rainfall over the ocean? How is sound used to measure wind over the ocean?
National Defense How is sound used to find submarines? How is sound used to monitor nuclear testing? How is sound used to monitor and defend harbors? Science Tutorial: How do you characterize sounds? Science Tutorial: How does sound in air differ from sound in water? Rossby Dr. And we're just getting to the point where artificial intelligence and modern computational tools are helping us see these patterns. I expect we'll see more patterns. But part of the problem is that when you're listening to a single microphone underwater, it's like listening with one ear in a crowded cafe, you can't really figure out who's saying what.
They're not visible to us, so we don't know where they are, relative to each other, as we're listening. So it's very difficult to tease apart the context, the behavior, when you hear a particular sound. So, someday we may be able to have underwater cameras, multiple hydrophones that led us to say, "Oh, that was, that call was made by the calf. And then this call was made by its mother.
Ted Alvarez: [] We'll be back with more about what all those sounds from the deep might mean after a few words from our sponsor. Anonymous speaker: [] It takes work to sustain a place for all of us.
For over 30 years, Forterra has been doing that work, taking action to promote resilient communities and healthy ecosystems across our region. From planting thousands of trees each year, to developing attainable housing, to helping conserve over , acres of land, the Washington-based land trust has built programs and partnerships to advance conservation restoration and community resiliency across the state. For more information, go to forterra. Ted Alvarez: [] Though we may not yet understand precisely what killer whales are saying, you can tune into one of Orca Sounds' hydrophones, which are streaming twenty-four, seven at orcasound.
If you do it enough, you'll probably learn to identify which orthopod is passing by, but more often than not, you'll hear us in our many noisy forms. This is bad news for our Southern Resident orcas who are chasing after dwindling supplies of salmon in their dark world and finding it harder and harder to do so with all the ruckus humans make.
Scott Veirs: [] If you raise the noise levels around a killer whale that's trying to forage or hunt, you make it more difficult for them to hear the faint echoes of their echolocation clicks off of a salmon. So, basically, it's like you're looking for food out in the forest at night with the flashlight and somebody has made it really smoky around you, so your flashlight beam doesn't go nearly as far into the forest.
It's kind of like one foot instead of a hundred feet, or 10 feet instead of a hundred feet. Location is the main way they find the fish, but then there's coordinating the hunt, like deciding who's going to do the deep dive and go down a football field underwater to find this thing in the darkness. And then there's the well-documented that they share food, just like we do within our family groups. And so being able to communicate that you have caught a fish and that you're bringing it to the surface and everybody in your family group should come over to get a piece of it.
That's also part of the efficient foraging strategy that they're using. Ted Alvarez: [] Here's the part where we're supposed to beat you over the head with the sad news that our salmon are in steep decline, and the fate of Southern resident orcas is in large part tied to our ability to rescue those populations.
All of which is true and a very tall order. It can involve everything from expanded hatchery operations to dam removals. It could take decades and it's not clear the orcas have that much time. But I'm not going to focus on that, because when it comes to noise pollution, we can do something about that right now.
And we are. Scott Veirs: [] The good news about noise pollution in the orca's habitat is that unlike many types of chemical pollution, as soon as you quiet the source, the pollution goes away. Thanks to the Southern Resident killer whale task force that Governor Inslee initiated, a bunch of recommendations came out end of , something like 35 recommendations for how to improve the plight of the Southern Residents, and many of them had to do with noise.
There were recommendations to reduce vessel disturbance that's manifest, so that can be boats or ships. On the ship side there's a recommendation to quiet ferries, Washington state ferries, and that obviously is something that Governor Inslee can get a lot of traction on. So I'm excited that we're starting to retrofit ferries with electric motors instead of in-line diesel engines, and that has the potential to reduce some of the low frequency noise that we're talking about.
Veirs recordings confirm what many scientists have theorized about orcas. Different groups of killer whales — known as pods — have different sounds. By listening to these a lot, you kind of develop a sense of the vocabulary. What that vocabulary is telling Veirs is that the Southern Resident Killer Whales of Puget Sound are in trouble — threatened by a lack of food, pollution, and underwater noise harassment. It is this third factor that interests Veirs, mostly because he hears it firsthand.
And then echoing and rumbling we would hear a container ship coming in from Asia coming around the corner of Vancouver Island. Sound travels through the air at about miles-per-hour.
The vocalizations not only tell the researcher whether the calling killer whale is a resident or a transient, but also reveal to which resident or transient population or sub-population the caller belongs. If the caller is a resident, it furthermore shows who his closest relatives are.
Both residents and transients use discrete calls, whistles, and clicks. Calls and whistles are used only in social communication, while clicks are predominantly used in echolocation.
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