Researchers believe that genetics, nutrition, central nervous system problems during development, and other factors play a significant role according to the Mayo Clinic. Researchers have found that ADHD runs in families in twin and family studies. You and your siblings are more likely to have ADHD if your mother or father has it. No one has yet been able to find exactly which genes influence ADHD. Preliminary research indicates that this gene affects dopamine receptors in the brain.
Some people with ADHD have a variation of this gene. This has led many experts to believe that it may play a role in the development of the condition.
There is likely more than one gene responsible for ADHD. Many researchers believe there may be a connection between ADHD and certain common neurotoxic chemicals, namely lead and some pesticides. Lead exposure in children may affect the level of education they achieve. Exposure to organophosphate pesticides may also be linked to ADHD.
These pesticides are chemicals sprayed on lawns and agricultural products. There is no concrete evidence that food dyes and preservatives may cause hyperactivity in some children according to the Mayo Clinic. Foods with artificial coloring include most processed and packaged snack foods.
Sodium benzoate preservative is found in fruit pies, jams, soft drinks, and relishes. Perhaps the strongest link between the environment and ADHD occurs before a child is born. Children who have problems in school but get along well at home or with friends are likely struggling with something other than ADHD.
The same is true of children who are hyperactive or inattentive at home, but whose schoolwork and friendships remain unaffected. If you're concerned that your child shows signs of ADHD , see your pediatrician or family doctor.
Your doctor may refer you to a specialist, such as a developmental-behavioral pediatrician, psychologist, psychiatrist or pediatric neurologist, but it's important to have a medical evaluation first to check for other possible causes of your child's difficulties. While the exact cause of ADHD is not clear, research efforts continue.
Factors that may be involved in the development of ADHD include genetics, the environment or problems with the central nervous system at key moments in development.
Although sugar is a popular suspect in causing hyperactivity, there's no reliable proof of this. Many issues in childhood can lead to difficulty sustaining attention, but that's not the same as ADHD. ADHD can make life difficult for children. Children with ADHD :. ADHD doesn't cause other psychological or developmental problems.
However, children with ADHD are more likely than others to also have conditions such as:. To help reduce your child's risk of ADHD :. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Arlington, Va. Accessed Jan. Brown A. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Rochester, Minn. Voight RG, et al. National Institute of Mental Health. Accessed Jan 26, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This meeting was exploratory in nature and the results are provided here in an attempt to share the most information with the public.
What are the most costly, common comorbid disorders and health risk behaviors associated with ADHD see list? Klein and Biederman, the following additional points regarding comorbidity were noted:. Increased likelihood of adult psychopathology to include continued impairment attributable to ADHD was present in a significant proportion of subjects; however, remission is hard to estimate given varied operationalizations of the criteria for ADHD and the question of whether impairment in life functioning should be the marker for adult ADHD.
Other comorbidity, secondary conditions, and health risk behaviors seen in their follow-up studies included:. Impulsivity and poor decision-making may contribute to susceptibility or attraction to substance use but it may be more dependent on the comorbid conditions than on ADHD.
However, it should be noted that medication does not enhance or increase drug use among ADHD children. In fact, unmedicated ADHD children have the highest substance abuse rate. How strong of a risk factor is childhood ADHD for the development of later psychiatric comorbidity or secondary conditions such as childhood disruptive disorder and adult antisocial disorders? Discuss the role of ADHD in the propensity to participate in health risk behaviors.
Do we know, given ADHD, what are the risk factors or pathways leading to participation in risky behaviors? Is there basic descriptive epidemiology on ADHD and these conditions? Consider how they vary by race, gender, age, SES, and which comorbid conditions or behaviors persist throughout the lifespan.
Are comorbid conditions being appropriately diagnosed and treated in individuals with ADHD? Are there effective interventions for comorbidity or the prevention of secondary conditions in those with ADHD? Do current available interventions appreciably alter long-term outcomes for these individuals? To what extent do comorbid conditions and health risk behaviors pose a burden on society?
Consider effects and costs on social systems, family, school, juvenile justice system, workforce, risk of substance abuse, and injury throughout the lifespan. What is the current state of Public Health research in this area? What are the gaps in your opinion and what can CDC do? Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related Pages.
June 9, Participants: Rachel G. Klein, Ph. Joseph Biederman, M. The questions and discussion that ensued resulted in the following points during this one day meeting: Please note that all answers are the summarized sentiments of the participants invited to this meeting and not those of the CDC.
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